Topic: biology

What is cystic fibrosis?Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the lungs, digestive system, and other organs. It is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which encodes a protein that regulates chloride ions transport across cell membranes. These mutations cause the CFTR protein to be either absent or not function properly, leading to the buildup of thick, sticky mucus in the lungs, pancreas, and other organs. Treatment o...

The importance of nucleic acids in controlling life processes is well known. Under the suitable conditions, DNA molecules are responsible for replication of themselves and acts as templates for RNA synthesis in transcription. In translation, RNA molecules control protein synthesis and thus various metabolic activities in living cells. All these processes are monitored by sequences of bases in polynucleotide chains. Nucleosides consist of a sugar group and a heterocyclic nucleobase that bound to ...

Bioink is a solution of a biomaterial or a mixture of several biomaterials in the hydrogel form, usually encapsulating living cells, and/or bioactive molecules. For bioprinting, bioinks are essential components, and are cross-linked or stabilized during or immediately after the bioprinting to create the final shapes of the intended tissue constructs.The selection of appropriate bioink depends on the specific application and the type of cells as well as the bioprinter to be used. An ideal bioink ...

Laboratory equipment is a general term for the various instruments, containers and other tools needed for operation, synthesis, and analysis in various laboratories. The equipment helps researchers to observe, test, experiment or analyze data to confirm the authenticity or rationality of scientific hypotheses. According to the scope of application, laboratory equipment can be divided into general equipment and specialized equipment.General laboratory equipment includes freezers, incubators, shak...

ethylation-Based Biological Age and Cancer RiskChanges in DNA methylation levels with age, and it has been widely studied as a well-known biomarker of aging. A number of DNA methylation age clocks have appeared and been used, and when the age predicted by the methylation clock is greater than the actual age, it is considered to have "age acceleration", which is also called the biological measure of aging.Research suggests a correlation between aging and cancer as well. Predicted ages obtained by...

The aging of today's global population is accelerating, leading to a higher incidence of some diseases related to aging, such as chronic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, etc. However, people at the same age may show different disease expressions, and one possible factor is due to differences in the aging process of different individuals, which means that the actual age of individuals is the same but their biological age may be different.Then understanding the biolog...

Introduction of customization of aging Animal models Available Models of Common Age-Related DiseasesBone disease. For example, age-related bone loss, and age-related osteoporosis models.Cardiovascular diseases. For example, the primary hypertension animal model, myocardial infarction animal model, heart failure animal model, etc.Aging lung.Neurodegenerative disease. For example, models of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.Multi-morbidity and frailty. For example, some chronic disease m...

Cell-free protein expression or cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) refers to the protein expression approach that produces target proteins without using living cells. All the cellular machinery, such as ribosomes, enzymes, tRNAs, amino acids, and cofactors, are contained in CFPS for direct protein synthesis. A supplied nucleic acid template can be transcribed and translated in CFPS, and this process is not constrained by a cell wall or homeostasis conditions required to maintain cell viability.C...

Introduction of Strain HybridizationOne of the key components of synthetic biology is the creation of novel strains with unique properties that can be used for various applications such as biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture. Strain hybridization is an essential technique in synthetic biology that involves the combination of genetic material from different strains to create a new hybrid strain with desired traits.